Cocker Spaniel(可卡猎鹬犬) [简介]可卡猎鹬犬是运动犬组中较小的成员。他拥有健壮、紧凑的身躯；整洁，轮廓分明，而且非常精致的头部。整体尺寸理想，非常匀称。站立时，肩胛下面是笔直的前腿，背线略微向结实、适度弯曲且肌肉发达的后腿倾斜。他的速度可以非常快，而且结合了强大的耐力。首先，他必须大方、欢快、健康、非常匀称，动作显示出渴望、喜爱工作。一个所有部位都非常匀称的狗，比一个优点和缺陷同样突出的狗要好的多。
[体型]尺寸：成熟雄性的理想理想肩高为15英寸；成熟雌性的理想肩高为14英寸。误差不应该超过0.5英寸。雄性肩高超过15.5英寸；雌性肩高超过14.5英寸属于失格。成年雄性肩高不足14.5英寸；成年雌性肩高不足13.5英寸属于缺陷。肩高是指以自然状态站立时（前肢和后肢下半部分垂直于地面），肩胛骨上端到地面的垂直距离。比例：从胸骨到大腿后的水平距离略大于从马肩隆最高点到地面的垂直距离。身躯必须有足够的长度，允许步伐直而舒展；他不能显得太长、太矮。
[头部]达到最佳比例的头部，必须与其它部位保持平衡，具体表现如下：表情：表情显得聪明、警惕、温和、且吸引人。眼睛：眼球圆而丰满，直接注视前方。眼睑的形状略呈杏仁状；眼睛既不显得虚弱，也不是瞪着。眼睛的颜色是深褐色，而且一般情况是越深越好。耳朵：叶片状，长，耳廓精美，有大量羽状饰毛，位置不应该高于眼睛较低部分的水平线。脑袋：圆，但不夸张，也不趋向平板状；眉毛整洁而清晰，止部非常明显。眼睛下方的骨骼轮廓分明，但面颊不突出。口吻宽而深，颌部四方，且平。在比例正确的情况下，从止部到鼻尖的距离等于从止部越过头顶到脑袋基部距离的一半。鼻镜：有足够的尺寸，与口吻及前脸相称，鼻孔发达，典型的运动犬特征。黑色、黑色和棕色、黑色和白色狗的鼻镜为黑色；其他颜色狗的鼻镜可能是褐色、肝色或黑色，颜色越深越好。鼻镜的颜色与眼圈的颜色一致。嘴唇：上唇丰满，且有足够的深度，覆盖下颌。牙齿：牙齿结实而健康，不能太小，剪状咬和。
[颈部、背线、身躯]颈部：颈部有充分的长度，允许鼻子能轻松地伸到地面，肌肉发达，没有下垂的“赘肉”。从肩部有力地升起，略微圆拱，逐渐变细，与头部衔接。背线：略微向肌肉发达的后肢倾斜。身躯：胸部深，最低处不会高过肘部，前面十分宽阔，为心脏和肺部提供了足够的空间，但不能太宽，而干涉到前肢直接的动作。肋骨深且支撑良好。背部结实，且均匀地倾斜（略微向下），从肩胛向剪短的尾巴所在的位置倾斜。断尾，尾巴的位置（及姿势）在背线的延长线上，或略高，但决不能象梗类犬那样向上翘，也不能夹在腿中间，显得胆怯。当他行走时，尾巴的动作显得欢快。
[前躯]肩胛向后倾斜，与上臂骨形成大约90度的角度，使他向前伸展前肢的时候，可以轻松地移动前臂。肩胛轮廓鲜明，倾斜但不突出，所以马肩隆上端的位置呈一定的角度，允许肋骨宽且撑起。从侧面观察时，前肢垂直，肘部直接位于肩胛骨最高点的正下方。前肢彼此平行、直、骨骼和肌肉强健，位置贴近身躯，且位于肩胛骨下方。胶骨短而结实。前肢的狼爪可以切除。足爪紧凑、大、圆而稳固，角质的脚垫；既不向内弯，也不向外翻。
[后躯] 臀部宽，后体圆且肌肉发达。从后面观察时，不论是运动中还是休息时，后腿彼此平行。后腿的骨骼和肌肉强健，膝关节角度适中，大腿有力、整洁清晰。站立时或运动中，膝关节结实，没有滑动。飞节结实，且位置低。后肢狼爪可以切除。
[被毛]<头部，短而纤细；身躯上，长度适中，有足够的底毛提供保护。耳朵、胸部、腹部、及腿部，有大量羽状饰毛，但不能太夸张，而隐藏了可卡猎鹬犬真实的线条和动作，或影响他作为一个中等被毛的运动犬的外貌和功能。被毛质地非常重要。被毛是丝状、平坦或略微呈波浪状，其质地使被毛很容易打理。过多的被毛、卷曲的被毛或棉花质地的被毛都属于严重缺陷。用电剪刨除背部的被毛是不合要求的。修剪被毛，强调他的真实线条，操作必须妥当，尽可能使他显得自然。/p> [颜色]黑色：纯黑色，包括黑色带有棕色点。黑颜色要呈墨黑。被毛上有褐色或肝色阴影则不理想。胸部和喉咙有少量白色是允许的，白色出现在其他位置则属于失格。除了黑色以外的其他任何纯色（ASCOB）：颜色从浅奶酪色到暗红色，包括褐色及黑色带有棕色点。颜色要求深浅一致，羽状饰毛颜色浅一些是允许的。胸部和喉咙有少量白色是允许的，白色出现在其他位置则属于失格。杂色：两种或多种纯色，颜色边界清晰，其中一种必须是白色；黑色和白色，红色和白色（红色可以从浅奶酪色到暗红色），褐色和白色，或者花斑色，包括这些颜色带有棕色点。棕色斑纹的位置与样式与黑色及ASCOB相同比较可取。通常的花斑色，不论是哪种花斑色，分类都属于杂色。主要颜色占90%或更多属于失格。棕色点：棕色的颜色范围从浅奶酪色到暗红色，范围限制在10%之内，或更少；棕色斑纹过多属于失格。在黑色或ASCOB中，棕色斑纹应该出现在下列位置： 1）两眼上方有整洁的棕色斑点； 2）在口吻两侧和面颊； 3）耳朵下面；4）所有的足爪和/或腿部； 5）尾巴下方；6）胸部，可选；多余或缺乏都属于缺陷。棕色斑纹不是很容易被发现或只有一点痕迹，属于缺陷。口吻部的棕色斑纹过分向上延伸，超过口吻顶部并结合在一起也属于缺陷。黑色或ASCOB在指定位置缺乏棕色斑纹，而在其他地方有棕色点的狗属于失格。
[步态]可卡猎鹬犬虽然是最小的运动犬，但却拥有典型的运动犬的步态。良好的步态，首先需要前躯和后躯的协调。驱动力来自结实、有力的后躯，而肩胛和前肢的构造恰当，使他能向前伸展，而不用收缩步幅来平衡后躯产生的强大推动力。首先，他的步态是整齐的，平顺而轻松。他的动作必须有足够步幅；如果步态正确，过分活泼不算缺陷。
[气质] 平静的气质，没有任何胆怯的迹象。
[失格]高度：雄性肩高超过15.5英寸；雌性肩高超过14.5英寸颜色和斑纹：只有前面所描述的颜色和颜色组合可以接受。其他任何颜色或颜色组合都属于失格。黑色：除了胸部和喉咙以外，其他地方有白色。除了黑色以外的其他任何纯色：除了胸部和喉咙以外，其他地方有白色。杂色：主要颜色占90%或更多棕色点：（1）棕色斑纹超过10%；（2）黑色或ASCOB在指定位置缺乏棕色斑纹，而在其他地方有棕色点
标准通过日期：1992年5月12日
标准执行日期：1992年6月30日
Cocker Spaniel Breed Standard
Sporting Group
General Appearance
TheCocker Spaniel is the smallest member of the Sporting Group. He has asturdy, compact body and a cleanly chiseled and refined head, with theoverall dog in complete balance and of ideal size. He stands well up atthe shoulder on straight forelegs with a topline sloping slightlytoward strong, moderately bent, muscular quarters. He is a dog capableof considerable speed, combined with great endurance. Above all, hemust be free and merry, sound, well balanced throughout and in actionshow a keen inclination to work. A dog well balanced in all parts ismore desirable than a dog with strongly contrasting good points andfaults.
Size, Proportion, Substance[float=right]
[/float]Size-- The ideal height at the withers for an adult dogis 15 inches and for an adult bitch, 14 inches. Height may varyone-half inch above or below this ideal. A dog whose height exceeds 15½inches or a bitch whose height exceeds 14½ inches shall bedisqualified. An adult dog whose height is less than 14½ inches and anadult bitch whose height is less than 13½ inches shall be penalized.Height is determined by a line perpendicular to the ground from the topof the shoulder blades, the dog standing naturally with its forelegsand lower hind legs parallel to the line of measurement.Proportion--Themeasurement from the breast bone to back of thigh is slightly longerthan the measurement from the highest point of withers to the ground.The body must be of sufficient length to permit a straight and freestride; the dog never appears long and low.
Head
To attain a well proportioned head, which must be in balance with the rest of the dog, it embodies the following:Expression--The expression is intelligent, alert, soft and appealing.Eyes--Eyeballsare round and full and look directly forward. The shape of the eye rimsgives a slightly almond shaped appearance; the eye is not weak orgoggled. The color of the iris is dark brown and in general the darkerthe better.Ears--Lobular, long, of fine leather, well feathered, and placed no higher than a line to the lower part of the eye.Skull--Roundedbut not exaggerated with no tendency toward flatness; the eyebrows areclearly defined with a pronounced stop. The bony structure beneath theeyes is well chiseled with no prominence in the cheeks. The muzzle isbroad and deep, with square even jaws. To be in correct balance, thedistance from the stop to the tip of the nose is one half the distancefrom the stop up over the crown to the base of the skull.Nose--ofsufficient size to balance the muzzle and foreface, with well developednostrils typical of a sporting dog. It is black in color in the blacks,black and tans, and black and whites; in other colors it may be brown,liver or black, the darker the better. The color of nose harmonizeswith the color of the eye rim.Lips--The upper lip is full and of sufficient depth to cover the lower jaw.Teeth--Teeth strong and sound, not too small and meet in a scissors bite.
Neck, Topline, Body
Neck--Theneck is sufficiently long to allow the nose to reach the ground easily,muscular and free from pendulous "throatiness." It rises strongly fromthe shoulders and arches slightly as it tapers to join the head.Topline--sloping slightly toward muscular quarters.Body--Thechest is deep, its lowest point no higher than the elbows, its frontsufficiently wide for adequate heart and lung space, yet not so wide asto interfere with the straightforward movement of the forelegs. Ribsare deep and well sprung. Back is strong and sloping evenly andslightly downward from the shoulders to the set-on of the docked tail.The docked tail is set on and carried on a line with the topline of theback, or slightly higher; never straight up like a Terrier and never solow as to indicate timidity. When the dog is in motion the tail actionis merry.
Forequarters
The shoulders arewell laid back forming an angle with the upper arm of approximately 90degrees which permits the dog to move his forelegs in an easy mannerwith forward reach. Shoulders are clean-cut and sloping withoutprotrusion and so set that the upper points of the withers are at anangle which permits a wide spring of rib. When viewed from the sidewith the forelegs vertical, the elbow is directly below the highestpoint of the shoulder blade. Forelegs are parallel, straight, stronglyboned and muscular and set close to the body well under the scapulae.The pasterns are short and strong. Dewclaws on forelegs may be removed.Feet compact, large, round and firm with horny pads; they turn neitherin nor out.
Hindquarters
Hips are wide andquarters well rounded and muscular. When viewed from behind, the hindlegs are parallel when in motion and at rest. The hind legs arestrongly boned, and muscled with moderate angulation at the stifle andpowerful, clearly defined thighs. The stifle is strong and there is noslippage of it in motion or when standing. The hocks are strong andwell let down. Dewclaws on hind legs may be removed.
Coat
Onthe head, short and fine; on the body, medium length, with enoughundercoating to give protection. The ears, chest, abdomen and legs arewell feathered, but not so excessively as to hide the Cocker Spaniel'strue lines and movement or affect his appearance and function as amoderately coated sporting dog. The texture is most important. The coatis silky, flat or slightly wavy and of a texture which permits easycare. Excessive coat or curly or cottony textured coat shall beseverely penalized. Use of electric clippers on the back coat is notdesirable. Trimming to enhance the dog's true lines should be done toappear as natural as possible.
Color and Markings
Black Variety--Solidcolor black to include black with tan points. The black should be jet;shadings of brown or liver in the coat are not desirable. A smallamount of white on the chest and/or throat is allowed; white in anyother location shall disqualify.
Any Solid Color Other than Black (ASCOB)--Anysolid color other than black, ranging from lightest cream to darkestred, including brown and brown with tan points. The color shall be of auniform shade, but lighter color of the feathering is permissible. Asmall amount of white on the chest and/or throat is allowed; white inany other location shall disqualify.
Parti-Color Variety--Twoor more solid, well broken colors, one of which must be white; blackand white, red and white (the red may range from lightest cream todarkest red), brown and white, and roans, to include any such colorcombination with tan points. It is preferable that the tan markings belocated in the same pattern as for the tan points in the Black andASCOB varieties. Roans are classified as parti-colors and may be of anyof the usual roaning patterns. Primary color which is ninety percent(90%) or more shall disqualify.
Tan Points--The colorof the tan may be from the lightest cream to the darkest red and isrestricted to ten percent (10%) or less of the color of the specimen;tan markings in excess of that amount shall disqualify. In the case oftan points in the Black or ASCOB variety, the markings shall be locatedas follows:
1) A clear tan spot over each eye;
2) On the sides of the muzzle and on the cheeks;
3) On the underside of the ears;
4) On all feet and/or legs;
5) Under the tail;
6) On the chest, optional; presence or absence shall not be penalized.
Tanmarkings which are not readily visible or which amount only to traces,shall be penalized. Tan on the muzzle which extends upward, over andjoins shall also be penalized. The absence of tan markings in the Blackor ASCOB variety in any of the specified locations in any otherwisetan-pointed dog shall disqualify.
Gait
TheCocker Spaniel, though the smallest of the sporting dogs, possesses atypical sporting dog gait. Prerequisite to good movement is balancebetween the front and rear assemblies. He drives with strong, powerfulrear quarters and is properly constructed in the shoulders and forelegsso that he can reach forward without constriction in a full stride tocounterbalance the driving force from the rear. Above all, his gait iscoordinated, smooth and effortless. The dog must cover ground with hisaction; excessive animation should not be mistaken for proper gait.
Temperament
Equable in temperament with no suggestion of timidity.
Disqualifications
Height--Males over 15½ inches; females over 14½ inches.
Color and Markings--The aforementioned colors are the only acceptable colors or combination of colors.
Any other colors or combination of colors to disqualify.
Black Variety--White markings except on chest and throat.
Any Solid Color Other Than Black Variety--White markings except on chest and throat.
Parti-color Variety--Primary color ninety percent (90%) or more.
TanPoints--(1) Tan markings in excess of ten percent (10%); (2) Absence oftan markings in Black or ASCOB Variety in any of the specifiedlocations in an otherwise tan pointed dog.
Approved May 12, 1992
Effective June 30, 1992