Curly-Coated Retriever(卷毛寻回犬)
[简介]潇洒地站立，多用途的寻回犬，是由大多数犬科专家所公认的最古老的寻回犬之一。在英格兰被培养出来，卷毛是猎场看守人一直特别喜欢的。天生具有在野外捕猎的能力，勇敢、不屈不挠、意志坚定，恰当的结构和柔和的卷毛可以在需要的时候能很好地完成任务，从冰冷的水中叼回沉重的哺乳动物或鸟类。由于需要整天工作，所以卷毛寻回犬需要协调而健康、强壮而精力充沛、活泼而敏捷。整体轮廓、姿势显得高雅和优雅，与其他寻回犬相比显得有点不同。从轮廓上看，卷毛寻回犬前躯和后躯的角度适中，高度和体长相比，给人的印象是腿比其他寻回犬长一些。从姿态上看，卷毛寻回犬是一种直立、警惕而自信的狗。从动作上看，所有部分的协作显得平顺、有力、和谐匀称。被毛是这个品种的特点，对所有卷毛寻回犬都非常重要，不论是伴侣犬、猎犬还是比赛犬。完美的被毛应该是浓厚的，呈很多小、紧、独特而干脆的毛卷。卷毛寻回犬很顽皮、敏捷、可训程度非常高，同样的，他也非常可爱，可以作为忠诚的家庭伴侣，与在野外作为猎犬一样出色。
[体型]雄性的理想肩高约在25~27英寸；雌性的理想肩高约在23~25英寸。一个明显很优秀的卷毛寻回犬，如果低于肩高下限，决不能仅仅因为尺寸问题被处罚。身体的比例略微背离正方形比例，这意味着从前胸到臀部的距离略大于肩高。卷毛寻回犬既强壮又文雅。其体质的程度是保证有足够的力量和耐力，但又不失优雅。骨骼和肌肉既不细长，也不笨重，与身高、体重的比例协调，且整体非常和谐。 [头部]头部的长度胜过宽度，很容易将他与其他寻回犬区分开，与身躯的比例协调。从轮廓上观察，前脸的长度等于或约等于脑袋的长度。且相互平行。止部轻微而倾斜。前脸与脑袋在止部接合，前脸的宽度略小于脑袋的宽度，但两者的接合非常平顺。头部到鼻尖为止，几乎呈一个笔直的连续的锥形，线条清晰，没有任何粗糙、短粗或厚脸皮的迹象。表情：聪明、且警惕。眼睛：杏仁状，大一些比较好，但不突出。黑色狗的眼睛颜色为黑色或褐色，肝色狗的眼睛颜色为褐色或琥珀色。刺眼的黄色眼睛或瞬膜松弛都不合需要。耳朵：小一些比较好，位置略高于眼角所处的水平线，挂在头部两侧。后脑：平坦或接近平坦。前脸：口吻呈楔形，没有细长的迹象。锥度适中，既不非常尖，也不太直，象正方形，但末端圆一些比较好。嘴平且决不扭曲。嘴唇紧而整洁，不下垂。鼻镜色素充足，黑色狗的鼻镜是黑色的，肝色狗的鼻镜是褐色的。鼻孔大。
[颈部、背线、身躯]颈部：结实且略微圆拱，中等长度，没有赘肉，流畅地融入略微向后倾斜的肩胛。背线：从马肩隆最后一点开始到腰部这一段身躯，结实而水平。腰部，从胸腔最后一点开始到骨盆这一段身躯，短且肌肉发达。臀部，从骨盆开始的位置到尾巴这一段身躯，略微倾斜。身躯：胸部非常深，但不太宽，横截面呈卵形，胸延伸到肘部。胸部给人的印象是深，但不宽，胸部不显得被挤压或太窄。肋骨支撑良好，既不是桶状，也不是平板状，向后伸展，连接深而有力的腰部，及适度上提的腰窝。尾巴：举的笔直或还算直，没有断尾，大约能延伸到飞节。决不能卷曲在背后、或纠结、或弯曲。覆盖着卷毛，如果剪去毛发，可以看到向末端逐渐变细。
[前躯]肩胛骨非常长，覆盖着发达的肌肉，适度向后倾斜，呈大约55度角。肩胛骨之间有足够的宽度，使其有充足的弹性能轻松地完成寻回工作。上臂骨的长度与肩胛骨相同，且以相同的角度向后倾斜，这就意味着前臂正好在马肩隆正下方的位置。肩胛骨与上臂骨的长度相同，两者间角度和谐，所以允许前腿很好地伸展。前腿直而结实，正确的胶骨。足爪圆而紧凑，脚趾圆拱且脚垫厚实。前肢狼爪通常都是切除的。
[后躯] 结实且与前躯的角度平衡。大腿非常有力，肌肉发达，且即若延伸到第二节大腿。膝关节适度弯曲。飞节结实而正确，既不向内弯，也不向外翻，飞节关节位置低。后肢狼爪通常切除。
[被毛]被毛具有明显的特种，并与其他任何品种都完全不同。身躯的被毛浓厚，由大量小、紧、脆的卷毛组成，紧贴皮肤，有弹性，能防水，且有足够的密度以抵御恶劣的天气和雨水。卷毛也延伸到整个颈部和后脑，大腿下和腿后面，至少达到飞节，并覆盖了整个尾巴。在其他地方，被毛短、平顺且直，包括在前额、脸部、前肢前面和足爪。马肩隆后面有一片不卷的毛发，或身体任何部位有一片秃毛部位，包括腿下部后面有秃毛条，在喉咙处有三角形秃毛区域都属于严重缺陷。耳朵上有松弛、非常开放的卷毛是允许的。稀疏、丝状、绒毛状、或非常粗硬、干燥或脆硬的毛发属于缺陷。修剪：耳朵、腹部、前腿后面，大腿、胶骨和足爪上的羽状饰毛可以修剪掉。尾巴上的羽状饰毛也需要修剪掉。略微修剪耳朵上的被毛是允许的，但修剪身体上的被毛则不合需要。
[颜色] 黑色或肝色。两种颜色都是允许的。突出的白色斑块不合需要，但一个在各方面都很优秀的狗，有白色毛发是允许的。
[步态]卷毛寻回犬有两种用途，既需要叼回水鸟，又需要在丘陵地区捕猎，所以要求他的动作既要有力量，也要迅速、敏捷。步幅大，且步伐中混合了力量和优雅，既不装腔作势，也不笨拙。表面上，小跑轻松、有效且前后平衡。从侧面观察，前躯的伸展和后躯的动作舒展而流畅，不虚饰，也不平淡。从前面后后面观察，动作准确：前肢既不向内弯，也不向外翻，后肢不交叉。很明显，肌肉发达的大腿和结实的飞节协同工作，提供后蹬力和驱动力。前躯的伸展动作强健而平顺，与后躯动作协调。协调的身体结构转化成协调的动作，这对保证正确的动作和足够的耐力是十分重要的。角度过分夸张的步态不符合要求。
[气质]自信，坚定而骄傲，这种积极、聪明的狗可以成为迷人而文雅的家庭伴侣，也可以成为坚定、有耐心的猎犬。卷毛寻回犬警惕、顺从，不论在家里，还是在野外，对家人和朋友都反应积极。天性独立，有辨别能力，且聪明，卷毛寻回犬有时显得孤僻、固执，同样的，相对于其他寻回犬来说，对陌生人显得冷漠。卷毛寻回犬的独立和冷静，使他从来不会显得羞怯，不会自得其乐。在犬展上，气质正确的卷毛寻回犬会坚定地站在自己的位置，服从性很好，检查工作很轻松，在此过程种，可能很有力的摇动尾巴，也可能不摇。在野外，卷毛寻回犬非常热情、稳固、天性勇敢。在家里，他显得平静而友善。羞怯属于缺陷，在犬展中，任何对检查表现出害羞的狗都将受到惩罚。对未成年的幼犬会宽容一些，因为他们正在发育，还没有得到充分地训练，经验也不足。
标准通过日期：1993年10月12日
标准修正日期：1993年11月30日
Curly-Coated Retriever Breed Standard
Sporting Group
General Appearance
Thissmartly upstanding, multi-purpose hunting retriever is recognized bymost canine historians as one of the oldest of the retrieving breeds.Developed in England, the Curly was long a favorite of Englishgamekeepers. Prized for innate field ability, courage and indomitableperseverance, a correctly built and tempered Curly will work as long asthere is work to be done, retrieving both fur and feather in theheaviest of cover and the iciest of waters. To work all day a Curlymust be balanced and sound, strong and robust, and quick and agile.Outline, carriage and attitude all combine for a grace and elegancesomewhat uncommon among the other retriever breeds, providing theunique, upstanding quality desired in the breed. In outline, the Curlyis moderately angulated front and rear and, when comparing height tolength, gives the impression of being higher on leg than the otherretriever breeds. In carriage, the Curly is an erect, alert,self-confident dog. In motion, all parts blend into a smooth, powerful,harmonious symmetry. The coat, a hallmark of the breed, is of greatimportance for all curlies, whether companion, hunting or show dogs.The perfect coat is a dense mass of small, tight, distinct, crispcurls. The Curly is wickedly smart and highly trainable and, as such,is cherished as much for his role as loyal companion at home as he isin the field.
Size, Proportion, Substance
Ideal height at withers: dogs, 25 to 27 inches; bitches, 23 to 25inches. A clearly superior Curly falling outside of this range shouldnot be penalized because of size. The body proportions are slightly offsquare, meaning that the dog is slightly longer from prosternum tobuttocks as he is from withers to ground. The Curly is both sturdy andelegant. The degree of substance is sufficient to ensure strength andendurance without sacrificing grace. Bone and substance are neitherspindly nor massive and should be in proportion with weight and heightand balanced throughout.
Head
The head is alonger-than-wide wedge, readily distinguishable from that of all otherretriever breeds, and of a size in balance with the body. Length offoreface is equal, or nearly equal, to length of backskull and, whenviewed in profile, the planes are parallel. The stop is shallow andsloping. At the point of joining, the width of foreface may be slightlyless than the width of the backskull but blending of the two should besmooth. The head has a nearly straight, continuous taper to the noseand is clean cut, not coarse, blocky or cheeky.Expression--Intelligent and alert.Eyes--Almond-shaped,rather large but not too prominent. Black or brown in black dogs andbrown or amber in liver dogs. Harsh yellow eyes and loose haws areundesirable.Ears-- Rather small, set on a line slightly above the corner of the eye, and lying close to the head.Backskull--Flat or nearly flat.Foreface--Muzzleis wedge-shaped with no hint of snipiness. The taper ends mildly,neither acutely pointed nor bluntly squared-off but rather slightlyrounding at the bottom. Mouth is level and never wry. Jaws are long andstrong. A scissors bite is preferred. Teeth set straight and even. Thelips are tight and clean, not pendulous. The nose is fully pigmented;black on black dogs, brown on liver dogs. Nostrils are large.
Neck, Topline, Body
Neck--Strong and slightly arched, of medium length, free from throatiness and flowing freely into moderately laid-back shoulders.Backline--Theback, that portion of the body from the rear point of the withers tothe beginning of the loin, is strong and level. The loin, that part ofthe body extending from the end of the rib cage to the start of thepelvis, is short and muscular. The croup, that portion of the body fromthe start of the pelvis to the tail set-on, is only slightly sloping.Body--Chest is decidedly deep and not too wide, oval in cross-section, withbrisket reaching elbow. While the impression of the chest should be ofdepth not width, the chest is not pinched or narrow. The ribs arewell-sprung, neither barrel-shaped nor slab-sided, and extend well backinto a deep, powerful loin with a moderate tuck-up of flank.Tail--Carriedstraight or fairly straight, never docked, and reaching approximatelyto the hock. Never curled over the back and should not be kinked orcrooked. Covered with curls and, if trimmed, tapering toward the point.
Forequarters
Shoulderblades are very long, well covered with muscle, and are moderately laidback at about a 55 degree angle. The width between shoulder blades isadequate to allow enough flexibility to easily retrieve game. Upper armbones are about equal in length with shoulder blades and laid back atapproximately the same angle as the blades, meaning the forelegs areset under the withers. The equal length of shoulder blade and upper armbone and the balanced angulation between the two allows for goodextension of the front legs. The forelegs are straight with strong,true pasterns. Feet are round and compact, with well-arched toes andthick pads. Front dewclaws are generally removed.
Hindquarters
Strongand in balance with front angulation. Thighs are powerful with musclingcarrying well down into the second thigh. Stifle is of moderate bend.The hocks are strong and true, turning neither in nor out, with hockjoint well let down. Rear dewclaws are generally removed.
Coat
Thecoat is a distinguishing characteristic and quite different from thatof any other breed. The body coat is a thick mass of small, tight,crisp curls, lying close to the skin, resilient, water resistant, andof sufficient density to provide protection against weather, water andpunishing cover. Curls also extend up the entire neck to the occiput,down the thigh and back leg to at least the hock, and over the entiretail. Elsewhere, the coat is short, smooth and straight, including onthe forehead, face, front of forelegs, and feet. A patch of uncurledhair behind the withers or bald patches anywhere on the body, includingbald strips down the back of the legs or a triangular bald patch on thethroat, should be severely penalized. A looser, more open curl isacceptable on the ears. Sparse, silky, fuzzy or very harsh, dry orbrittle hair is a fault.Trimming--Feathering may be trimmedfrom the ears, belly, backs of forelegs, thighs, pasterns, hocks, andfeet. On the tail, feathering should be removed. Short trimming of thecoat on the ear is permitted but shearing of the body coat isundesirable.
Color
Black or liver. Eithercolor is correct. A prominent white patch is undesirable but a fewwhite hairs are allowable in an otherwise good dog.
Gait
Thedual function of the Curly as both waterfowl retriever and upland gamehunter demands a dog who moves with strength and power yet is quick andagile. The ground-covering stride is a well-coordinated melding ofgrace and power, neither mincing nor lumbering. The seeminglyeffortless trot is efficient and balanced front to rear. When viewedfrom the side, the reach in front and rear is free-flowing, not stiltedor hackneyed. When viewed from the front or rear, movement is true: thefront legs turn neither in nor out and the rear legs do not cross.Well-developed, muscular thighs and strong hocks do their full share ofwork, contributing to rear thrust and drive. The extension in front isstrong and smooth and in balance with rear action. Balance in structuretranslates to balance in movement and is of great importance to ensuresoundness and endurance; extremes of angulation and gait are notdesirable.
Temperament
Self-confident,steadfast and proud, this active, intelligent dog is a charming andgentle family companion and a determined, durable hunter. The Curly isalert, biddable and responsive to family and friends, whether at homeor in the field. Of independent nature and discerning intelligence, aCurly sometimes appears aloof or self-willed, and, as such, is oftenless demonstrative, particularly toward strangers, than the otherretriever breeds. The Curly's independence and poise should not beconfused with shyness or a lack of willingness to please. In the showring, a correctly-tempered Curly will steadily stand his ground, submiteasily to examination, and might or might not wag his tail when doingso. In the field, the Curly is eager, persistent and inherentlycourageous. At home, he is calm and affectionate. Shyness is a faultand any dog who shies away from show ring examination should bepenalized. Minor allowances can be made for puppies who misbehave inthe show ring due to overexuberance or lack of training or experience.
Approved October 12, 1993
Effective November 30, 1993