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[简介]拉布拉多寻回犬是一种结构坚固、中等体型、接合较短的狗，他健康、稳定性良好的结构使他能够成为寻回猎物的枪猎犬；他的体质和坚固的结构使他能在艰苦的条件下，长时间从事猎取水鸟或在丘陵地带狩猎这样的工作；特征和品质是他在比赛中获胜的关键；他的气质也适合成为一个家庭伴侣。身体面貌和智力特征显示出他是培养了用于从追击到搜索等不同环境中。拉布拉多寻回犬独特的特征是他们短、浓厚且能抵御恶劣气候条件的被毛；一个“水獭”尾巴；线条清晰的头部，后脑宽阔，止部适中；有力的颌部；及“锐利”而友善的眼神，特征明显，聪明而气质良好。首先是整体条件，一个拉布拉多寻回犬应该非常协调，无需努力或只需要稍微努力一下，就可以很好的周旋于比赛场或在野外工作。典型的拉布拉多寻回犬拥有文雅的品质，但不过分精致，体质良好，但不粗笨或土气。拉布拉多寻回犬最早是作为工作用途的枪猎犬培养的，所以结构和稳固至关重要。
[体型]尺寸：雄性肩高约为22.5~24.5英寸；雌性肩高约21.5~23.5英寸。误差超过0.5英寸属于失格。在工作条件下的体重：雄性约为65~80磅；雌性约为55~70磅。上面段落所描述的最低肩高，不论是雄性还是雌性，都不适用于12个月以下的幼犬。比例：接合略短；体长（从肩关节到臀部末端的距离）等于或略大于肩高（从马肩隆到地面的垂直距离）。从肘部到地面的距离等于肩高的一半。胸部延伸到肘部，但不给人以很深印象。身躯必须有足够的长度，允许步伐直、自由且有效；但他决不能在轮廓上显得矮而身体过长或高而腿细长。体质：体质和骨量与整体比例匀称。体质单薄，“无用”的个体必须被干脆地清除，同样的，土气、笨拙的个体也不合需要。拉布拉多寻回犬必须显示出工作条件下的肌肉（发达），不能过分肥胖。
[头部]脑袋：脑袋宽阔；非常清晰但不夸张。脑袋与前脸处在相互平行的面上，且长度大致相等。止部适中，且眉毛略微突出，所以头部到鼻尖不是一条完整的直线。眉骨使止部得到了强调。头部线条清晰，面颊没有很多肉，头部的骨骼线条清晰，眼睛下方轮廓分明，但面颊不突出。头部略微显示出一点中心线；成熟狗的后枕骨不显著。嘴唇不能呈正方形或下垂。但向喉咙方向形成一条曲线。楔形头部、或后脑、口吻长而窄的头部与粗笨的头部、厚脸皮一样，都是错误的。颌部有力而不细长，口吻既不是长而窄，也不是短而粗。鼻镜：鼻镜宽阔，且鼻孔非常发达。黄色或黑色狗的鼻镜为黑色，巧克力色狗的鼻镜为褐色，鼻镜褪色为浅色阴影不属于缺陷。彻底为粉红色的鼻镜或鼻镜缺乏任何色素属于失格。牙齿：牙齿结实而整齐，剪状咬和。钳状咬和也可以接受，但不理想。上颚突出式咬和、下颚突出式咬和或未能对齐的牙齿属于严重缺陷。齿系完整最为理想，缺乏臼齿或前臼齿属于严重缺陷。耳朵：挂着，适度贴近头部，位置宁可靠后一些，略微低于脑袋；略高于眼睛所在水平。耳朵不能太大、太重，但与脑袋的比例协调，向前拉时，能延伸到眼睛内侧。眼睛：锐利、友善的眼神显示出良好的气质，聪明而机敏是这个品种的特点。眼睛中等大小，位置分的较开，既不能突出，也不能位置很深。黑色或黄色的狗，眼睛颜色为褐色，巧克力色狗的眼睛颜色为褐色或榛色。黑色或黄色眼睛使表情刺眼，不合需要。小眼睛，位置太靠近的眼睛，圆而突出的眼睛都不是该品种典型的眼睛。黑色或黄色拉布拉多寻回犬的眼圈为黑色，巧克力色拉布拉多寻回犬的眼圈颜色为褐色。眼圈缺乏色素属于失格。
[颈部、背线、身躯]颈部：颈部拥有正确的长度，允许他轻松地完成寻回工作。肌肉发达，且没有赘肉。颈部坚固地从肩胛升起，适度圆拱。短而粗的颈部或“羊脖子”是错误的。背线：后背结实，在站立时或运动中，背线（从马肩隆到臀部）保持水平。无论如何，作为一种运动型的犬，腰部明确地显示出有弹性。身躯：拉布拉多寻回犬的接合较短，从支撑良好的肋骨到适度宽阔的胸部显得精巧。拉布拉多寻回犬胸部不能太窄，显得前肢之间空荡荡的；胸部也不能太宽，显得象斗牛犬的前躯。正确的胸部构造是前腿之间略微变细，允许前肢自由运动。胸部太宽或太窄，妨碍了有效的动作和持久的耐力的情况，是错误的。平板胸不是该品种典型的特征。同样不合适的情况是过圆的肋骨或桶状胸。成年犬的下腹曲线几乎是直的，或略微上提。腰部短、宽而结实，延伸到非常发达、有力的后躯。从侧面观察，拉布拉多寻回犬的前胸非常发达，但不夸张。尾巴：尾巴是该品种的独特特征。在根部十分粗，向尖端逐渐变细。中等长度，长度不能延伸超过飞节。尾巴上没有羽状饰毛，周围都覆盖着浓厚的、拉布拉多寻回犬的短而浓密的被毛，从而形成了奇特的圆形外观，被描述为“水獭”尾巴。在休息时或运动中，尾巴都是背线的延伸。可能欢快地举着，但不能卷曲在背后，过分短或过分长而细的尾巴属于严重缺陷。尾巴与拉布拉多寻回犬的整体相当协调，从头顶到尾巴尖形成一条流动的曲线。断尾或以其他形式改变尾巴的自然长度或姿势属于失格。
[前躯]前躯肌肉发达，非常整齐且与后躯协调。肩胛：肩胛向后倾斜，长而倾斜，与上臂呈大约90度角，允许他轻松地移动前肢，而达到最大的伸展程度。理想情况是肩胛骨的长度与上臂骨的长度大致相等。过直的肩胛骨、过短的上臂骨、过度沉重的肌肉或抗肩膀，所有妨碍动作舒展性的地方，都是不正确的。前腿：从前面观察，前腿直，骨骼强壮。骨量太大或太小都不合需要。腿短或骨骼沉重都不是该品种的典型特征。从侧面观察，肘部正好位于马肩隆下方，前肢垂直于地面，且位于身躯下方恰当的位置。肘部贴近肋骨，没有松懈的迹象。肘部关节突出或“捉襟见肘”，妨碍舒展的动作，属于严重缺陷。骹骨结实而短，相对与垂直的腿部，显得略微倾斜。足爪：结实而紧凑，脚趾圆拱，脚垫发达。狼爪可以切除。张开的足爪、兔足、关节突出、或足爪向内弯、向外翻都属于严重缺陷。
[后躯]拉布拉多寻回犬的后躯宽阔、肌肉发达、从臀部到飞节都非常清晰，膝关节转动良好，飞节短而结实。从后面观察，后腿直且彼此平行。从侧面观察，后躯的角度与前躯协调。后腿的骨骼、肌肉强健，膝关节角度适中，大腿有力而清。膝关节结实，运动或站立时，膝盖不会滑动。飞节结实，位置低，在运动中或站立时，不会滑动或过分伸展。膝关节和飞节的角度达到最佳位置，能很好地平衡推动力和牵引力。站立时，后肢脚趾比臀部略微靠后一点。角度过大，造成背线倾斜，不是该品种的典型特征。足爪：结实而紧凑，脚趾圆拱，脚垫发达。牛肢、伸开的飞节、镰刀腿或角度过大都属于严重结构问题，属于缺陷。
[被毛]拉布拉多寻回犬的被毛与众不同。被毛短、直且非常浓密，触摸时，给手指一种相当坚硬的感觉。拉布拉多寻回犬拥有柔软、且能抵御恶劣气候的底毛，在水中、寒冷的地方、各种不同的地形条件下给予保护。背部的被毛略呈波浪状是允许的。羊毛状被毛、柔软的丝状被毛、或稀疏而光滑的被毛不是该品种的特征，属于严重缺陷。
[颜色]拉布拉多寻回犬有黑色、黄色和巧克力色三种颜色。其他任何颜色或颜色组合都属于失格。胸部有小的白色斑块是允许的，但不理想。由于年老或疤痕而造成的白色毛发不应该曲解为斑点。黑色：全部黑色，黑色带有斑点或黑色带有棕色斑纹都属于失格。黄色：黄色允许从狐狸红到浅奶酪色，在耳朵、后背、下腹部颜色深浅有所不同。巧克力色：允许从浅巧克力色到深巧克力色。巧克力色带有斑点或棕色斑纹属于失格。
[动作]拉布拉多寻回犬的动作舒展而轻松。当观察一个向自己走来的狗时，肘部没有任何向外的迹象。更准确的说，肘部和腿相对与身躯显得整齐，不过分靠近。笔直向前，没有踱步或交织步。腿部形成一条直线，所有部分都在同一平面内运动。反之从后面观察，一个重要的印象是后腿几乎与前腿在同一平行线上运动，飞节完全参与到工作中，弯曲良好，显得非常有力。从侧面观察，肩胛能自由运动，非常轻松，前腿向前伸展，靠近地面，短而起伏的动作，及高抬膝盖显示出肩胛过直，划桨动作显示出长而虚弱的骹骨，短而做作的后躯步态显示出后躯结构过直；所有这些都属于严重缺陷。错误的步态包括了：交织步、向一侧绕行、交错、高抬腿动作、划桨动作、短而起伏的动作。这些都属于严重缺陷。
[气质]真正的拉布拉多寻回犬的气质就象这个品种的“水獭”尾巴一样，非常有特色。理想的气质是温和、喜欢外出、天生容易调教；渴望取悦于主人，且对人类或其他动物没有攻击性。拉布拉多寻回犬对人们的吸引力非常大，他文雅的举止，聪明而具有适应性，使他成为一种理想的狗。对人类或其他动物具有攻击倾向，或成年犬有明显的羞怯迹象，都属于严重缺陷。
[失格] 1、 任何背离标准所规定的高度范围。 2、 整体粉红色的鼻镜或鼻镜缺乏任何色素。 3、 眼圈缺乏色素。 4、 断尾或以其他任何手段改变尾巴的自然长度和姿势。 5、 除了标准中所描述的黑色、黄色、巧克力色以外的任何颜色或颜色组合。
标准通过日期：1994年2月12日
标准执行日期：1994年3月31日
Labrador Retriever Breed Standard
Sporting Group
General Appearance
TheLabrador Retriever is a strongly built, medium-sized, short-coupled,dog possessing a sound, athletic, well-balanced conformation thatenables it to function as a retrieving gun dog; the substance andsoundness to hunt waterfowl or upland game for long hours underdifficult conditions; the character and quality to win in the showring; and the temperament to be a family companion. Physical featuresand mental characteristics should denote a dog bred to perform as anefficient Retriever of game with a stable temperament suitable for avariety of pursuits beyond the hunting environment.
The most distinguishing characteristics of the Labrador Retrieverare its short, dense, weather resistant coat; an "otter" tail; aclean-cut head with broad back skull and moderate stop; powerful jaws;and its "kind," friendly eyes, expressing character, intelligence andgood temperament.
Above all, a Labrador Retriever must be well balanced, enabling itto move in the show ring or work in the field with little or no effort.The typical Labrador possesses style and quality without overrefinement, and substance without lumber or cloddiness. The Labrador isbred primarily as a working gun dog; structure and soundness are ofgreat importance.
Size, Proportion and Substance
Size--The height at the withers for a dog is 22½ to 24½inches; for a bitch is 21½ to 23½ inches. Any variance greater than ½inch above or below these heights is a disqualification. Approximateweight of dogs and bitches in working condition: dogs 65 to 80 pounds;bitches 55 to 70 pounds.
The minimum height ranges set forth in the paragraph above shall not apply to dogs or bitches under twelve months of age.
Proportion--Short-coupled;length from the point of the shoulder to the point of the rump is equalto or slightly longer than the distance from the withers to the ground.Distance from the elbow to the ground should be equal to one half ofthe height at the withers. The brisket should extend to the elbows, butnot perceptibly deeper. The body must be of sufficient length to permita straight, free and efficient stride; but the dog should never appearlow and long or tall and leggy in outline.Substance--Substanceand bone proportionate to the overall dog. Light, "weedy" individualsare definitely incorrect; equally objectionable are cloddy lumberingspecimens. Labrador Retrievers shall be shown in working conditionwell-muscled and without excess fat.
Head
Skull--Theskull should be wide; well developed but without exaggeration. Theskull and foreface should be on parallel planes and of approximatelyequal length. There should be a moderate stop--the brow slightlypronounced so that the skull is not absolutely in a straight line withthe nose. The brow ridges aid in defining the stop. The head should beclean-cut and free from fleshy cheeks; the bony structure of the skullchiseled beneath the eye with no prominence in the cheek. The skull mayshow some median line; the occipital bone is not conspicuous in maturedogs. Lips should not be squared off or pendulous, but fall away in acurve toward the throat. A wedge-shape head, or a head long and narrowin muzzle and back skull is incorrect as are massive, cheeky heads. Thejaws are powerful and free from snippiness-- the muzzle neither longand narrow nor short and stubby.Nose-- The nose should bewide and the nostrils well-developed. The nose should be black on blackor yellow dogs, and brown on chocolates. Nose color fading to a lightershade is not a fault. A thoroughly pink nose or one lacking in anypigment is a disqualification.Teeth--The teeth should bestrong and regular with a scissors bite; the lower teeth just behind,but touching the inner side of the upper incisors. A level bite isacceptable, but not desirable. Undershot, overshot, or misaligned teethare serious faults. Full dentition is preferred. Missing molars orpre-molars are serious faults.Ears--The ears should hangmoderately close to the head, set rather far back, and somewhat low onthe skull; slightly above eye level. Ears should not be large andheavy, but in proportion with the skull and reach to the inside of theeye when pulled forward.Eyes--Kind, friendly eyes impartinggood temperament, intelligence and alertness are a hallmark of thebreed. They should be of medium size, set well apart, and neitherprotruding nor deep set. Eye color should be brown in black and yellowLabradors, and brown or hazel in chocolates. Black, or yellow eyes givea harsh expression and are undesirable. Small eyes, set close togetheror round prominent eyes are not typical of the breed. Eye rims areblack in black and yellow Labradors; and brown in chocolates. Eye rimswithout pigmentation is a disqualification.
Neck, Topline and Body
Neck--Theneck should be of proper length to allow the dog to retrieve gameeasily. It should be muscular and free from throatiness. The neckshould rise strongly from the shoulders with a moderate arch. A short,thick neck or a "ewe" neck is incorrect.Topline--The back isstrong and the topline is level from the withers to the croup whenstanding or moving. However, the loin should show evidence offlexibility for athletic endeavor.Body--The Labrador shouldbe short-coupled, with good spring of ribs tapering to a moderatelywide chest. The Labrador should not be narrow chested; giving theappearance of hollowness between the front legs, nor should it have awide spreading, bulldog-like front. Correct chest conformation willresult in tapering between the front legs that allows unrestrictedforelimb movement. Chest breadth that is either too wide or too narrowfor efficient movement and stamina is incorrect. Slab-sided individualsare not typical of the breed; equally objectionable are rotund orbarrel chested specimens. The underline is almost straight, with littleor no tuck-up in mature animals. Loins should be short, wide andstrong; extending to well developed, powerful hindquarters. When viewedfrom the side, the Labrador Retriever shows a well-developed, but notexaggerated forechest.Tail--The tail is a distinguishingfeature of the breed. It should be very thick at the base, graduallytapering toward the tip, of medium length, and extending no longer thanto the hock. The tail should be free from feathering and clothedthickly all around with the Labrador's short, dense coat, thus havingthat peculiar rounded appearance that has been described as the "otter"tail. The tail should follow the topline in repose or when in motion.It may be carried gaily, but should not curl over the back. Extremelyshort tails or long thin tails are serious faults. The tail completesthe balance of the Labrador by giving it a flowing line from the top ofthe head to the tip of the tail. Docking or otherwise altering thelength or natural carriage of the tail is a disqualification.
Forequarters
Forequarters should be muscular, well coordinated and balanced with the hindquarters.Shoulders--Theshoulders are well laid-back, long and sloping, forming an angle withthe upper arm of approximately 90 degrees that permits the dog to movehis forelegs in an easy manner with strong forward reach. Ideally, thelength of the shoulder blade should equal the length of the upper arm.Straight shoulder blades, short upper arms or heavily muscled or loadedshoulders, all restricting free movement, are incorrect.Front Legs--Whenviewed from the front, the legs should be straight with good strongbone. Too much bone is as undesirable as too little bone, and shortlegged, heavy boned individuals are not typical of the breed. Viewedfrom the side, the elbows should be directly under the withers, and thefront legs should be perpendicular to the ground and well under thebody. The elbows should be close to the ribs without looseness. Tied-inelbows or being "out at the elbows" interfere with free movement andare serious faults. Pasterns should be strong and short and shouldslope slightly from the perpendicular line of the leg. Feet are strongand compact, with well-arched toes and well-developed pads. Dew clawsmay be removed. Splayed feet, hare feet, knuckling over, or feetturning in or out are serious faults.
Hindquarters
TheLabrador's hindquarters are broad, muscular and well-developed from thehip to the hock with well-turned stifles and strong short hocks. Viewedfrom the rear, the hind legs are straight and parallel. Viewed from theside, the angulation of the rear legs is in balance with the front. Thehind legs are strongly boned, muscled with moderate angulation at thestifle, and powerful, clearly defined thighs. The stifle is strong andthere is no slippage of the patellae while in motion or when standing.The hock joints are strong, well let down and do not slip orhyper-extend while in motion or when standing. Angulation of bothstifle and hock joint is such as to achieve the optimal balance ofdrive and traction. When standing the rear toes are only slightlybehind the point of the rump. Over angulation produces a slopingtopline not typical of the breed. Feet are strong and compact, withwell-arched toes and well-developed pads. Cow-hocks, spread hocks,sickle hocks and over-angulation are serious structural defects and areto be faulted.
Coat
The coat is adistinctive feature of the Labrador Retriever. It should be short,straight and very dense, giving a fairly hard feeling to the hand. TheLabrador should have a soft, weather-resistant undercoat that providesprotection from water, cold and all types of ground cover. A slightwave down the back is permissible. Woolly coats, soft silky coats, andsparse slick coats are not typical of the breed, and should be severelypenalized.
Color
The Labrador Retrievercoat colors are black, yellow and chocolate. Any other color or acombination of colors is a disqualification. A small white spot on thechest is permissible, but not desirable. White hairs from aging orscarring are not to be misinterpreted as brindling.Black--Blacks are all black. A black with brindle markings or a black with tan markings is a disqualification.Yellow--Yellowsmay range in color from fox-red to light cream, with variations inshading on the ears, back, and underparts of the dog.Chocolate--Chocolates can vary in shade from light to dark chocolate. Chocolate with brindle or tan markings is a disqualification.
Movement
Movementof the Labrador Retriever should be free and effortless. When watchinga dog move toward oneself, there should be no sign of elbows out.Rather, the elbows should be held neatly to the body with the legs nottoo close together. Moving straight forward without pacing or weaving,the legs should form straight lines, with all parts moving in the sameplane. Upon viewing the dog from the rear, one should have theimpression that the hind legs move as nearly as possible in a parallelline with the front legs. The hocks should do their full share of thework, flexing well, giving the appearance of power and strength. Whenviewed from the side, the shoulders should move freely andeffortlessly, and the foreleg should reach forward close to the groundwith extension. A short, choppy movement or high knee action indicatesa straight shoulder; paddling indicates long, weak pasterns; and ashort, stilted rear gait indicates a straight rear assembly; all areserious faults. Movement faults interfering with performance includingweaving; side-winding; crossing over; high knee action; paddling; andshort, choppy movement, should be severely penalized.
Temperament
TrueLabrador Retriever temperament is as much a hallmark of the breed asthe "otter" tail. The ideal disposition is one of a kindly, outgoing,tractable nature; eager to please and non-aggressive towards man oranimal. The Labrador has much that appeals to people; his gentle ways,intelligence and adaptability make him an ideal dog. Aggressivenesstowards humans or other animals, or any evidence of
ness in an adultshould be severely penalized.Disqualifications
1.Any deviation from the height prescribed in the Standard.
2.A thoroughly pink nose or one lacking in any pigment.
3.Eye rims without pigment.
4.Docking or otherwise altering the length or natural carriage of the tail.
5.Any other color or a combination of colors other than black, yellow or chocolate as described in the Standard.
Approved February 12, 1994
Effective March 31, 1994